I actually get the notification on my Treo BEFORE the email appears in Outlook on my laptop.

It's anywhere from 15 to 30 seconds quicker on my Treo. If it is an internal email from a fellow employee, it gets to my Treo 5 to 10 seconds before Outlook. If it is an external email, eg yahoo or a client, it is usually on my Treo 20 to 30 seconds before Outlook.
Unfortunately, I am not our Exchange Server admin so I don't know the details on how it is setup.
Kanu